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Home > Heart Health > Medical Glossary
Congenital Heart Disease

Congenital diseases that cause anatomical or functional damage to the heart.

Some of these instances are detectable by prenatal diagnosis and some of them are amenable to surgical solutions.

Septal defect

A congenital malformation, in which the partition wall between the heart chambers is not perfect and blood passage through the septum is possible.

The defect can be located in the septum separating the upper compartments of the heart (atrial septal defect, ASD) or in the septum dividing the ventricles (ventricular septal defect, VSD).

The presence of such defect results in leakage of blood, predominantly from the left side, where pressure is higher, to the right. The right side will have to cope with greater load and this can result in Pulmonary Hypertension with subsequent cardiac insufficiency. If necessary, such defects can be surgically repaired.

Tetralogy of Fallot

A congenital heart disease, combining a number of heart defects: stenosis of the right ventricle outlet, incomplete closure of the inter-ventricular septum (the partition wall separating the left and the right ventricle), dilatation of the right ventricle and displaced Aorta.

The result of these defects is blood leak from the right ventricle to the left ventricle through a hole in the septum.

The significance of such leak is mixing of non-oxygenated blood from the right ventricle with oxygen-rich blood from the left ventricle.

As a result, the body tissues are supplied with "mixed" blood, i.e. with lower oxygen level than required and this is manifested by cyanosis.

The solution of the problem is surgical correction.

Transposition of the great vessels

A congenital heart defect.

The great vessels: the Aorta and the Pulmonary artery, originate reversely from opposite ventricles, i.e. the Aorta originates from the right ventricle instead from the left one, and the Pulmonary artery originates from the left ventricle instead from the right one.

This disorder is amenable to surgical treatment.

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